Investigative Urology
Citrate, Malate and Alkali Articles in Commonly Consumed Diet Sodas: Implications for Nephrolithiasis Treatment
c Litholink Corp., Chicago, Illinois, and Nephrology Section, NY Harbor Veterans Affairs INFIRMARY, NY, New York
d Section of Urology, St. Vincent’s Hospital and New York University School of Medicine, NY, New York
Received 11 Sept 2009, Available on-line 18 April 2010
Citrate is a known inhibitor of calcium mineral stone formation. Diet citrate and alkali intake may impact citraturia. Raising alkali intake also increases urine pH, that may help prevent the crystals stones. We established citrate, malate and total alkali concentrations in commonly consumed diet sodas to greatly help immediate dietary recommendations in sufferers with hypocitraturic calcium mineral or the crystals nephrolithiasis.
Components and Methods
Citrate and malate were measured inside a lemonade drink commonly used to take care of hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis and in 15 diet sodas. Anions had been assessed by ion chromatography. The pH of each beverage was measured to permit calculation of the unprotonated anion focus using the known pK of citric and malic acid. Total alkali equivalents had been calculated for each drink. Statistical evaluation was completed using Pearson’s relationship coefficient.
Several sodas included some citrate equal to or greater than that of alkali and total alkali being a lemonade beverage popular to treat hypocitraturic calcium nephrolithiasis (6.30 mEq/l citrate as alkali and 6.30 as total alkali). These sodas had been Diet plan Sunkist® Orange, Diet plan 7Up®, Sprite Zero, Diet Canada Dry® Ginger Ale, Sierra Mist® Free, Diet Orange Crush®, Fresca® and Diet plan Hill Dew®. Colas, including Caffeine Free of charge Diet plan Coke®, Coke No, Caffeine Free Diet Pepsi® and Diet plan Coke with Lime, had the cheapest total alkali (less than 1.0 mEq/l). There was no significant relationship between drink pH and total alkali content.
Several commonly consumed diet sodas contain moderate levels of citrate as alkali and total alkali. These details is effective for dietary recommendations in patients with calcium mineral nephrolithiasis, specifically people that have hypocitraturia. It may also end up being useful in individuals with low urine pH and the crystals stones. Beverage malate content is also essential since malate ingestion escalates the total alkali delivered, which in turn augments citraturia and raises urine pH.
Supplementary material because of this article can be acquired at /journalofurology.
Correspondence: Section of Urology, GRB 1102, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruits St., keto strawberry shortcake Boston, Massachusetts 02114 (phone: 617-726-3512; FAX: 617-726-6131)
Monetary interest and/or other relationship with PercSys and Ravine Group.